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Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skins. The most common raw material is cattle hide. It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from artisan to modern industrial scale.

Leather is used to make a variety of articles, including footwear, automobile seats, clothing, bags, book bindings, fashion accessories, and furniture. It is produced in a wide variety of types and styles and decorated by a wide range of techniques.

The textile industry uses many raw materials, or substances that have not yet been turned into textile threads. A textile is a material made of thin fibers or filaments spun into yarn and woven into fabric. The word ''textile'' comes from the Latin texere which means weaving. So textile raw materials are substances to be made into threads for weaving textiles.

Raw materials are in an unprocessed state. They might need to be cleaned, soaked, or treated with certain substances before threads are made. The textile industry uses raw materials from natural and synthetic (or man-made) sources. The type of raw material used depends on textile being made and the process that a factory uses. For example, a cotton-weaving factory might use different machines than one making synthetic textiles like nylon.

Plastic materials have been created using many different kinds of matter over the years. Originally, resins were made from vegetable matter including cellulose from cotton, furfural from oat hulls, oil from seeds and various starch derivatives. Bakelite (phenol formaldehyde resin), one of the first plastics made from synthetic components, was developed by Belgian born chemist Leo Baekeland in New York in 1907.

Bakelite is made through an elimination reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. It was used for its electrical non-conductivity and heat-resistant properties in electrical insulators, radio and telephone casings. Because of its pleasing appearance, it was also used to make consumer products such as jewelry. Today, however, most plastics are made from petrochemicals including natural gas.

The pharmaceutical industry has a lot of constraints and specialties, which make it stand on a completely different scale than any other industries. Being closely related to the medical field and also complementary to it, the pharmaceutical industry needs utmost care and precision in each and every aspect of the field ranging from collecting the raw materials to getting the final product ready for supply in the market. Excipients are also called drug carriers.

A food ingredient is any substance that is added to a food to achieve a desired effect. The term “food ingredient” includes food additives, which are substances added to foods for specific technical and/or functional purposes during processing, storage or packaging. There are two types of food additives—direct and indirect. Direct food additives are used in foods to impart specific technological or functional qualities. For example, stabilizers are used to help prevent separation of nutrients in fortified milk products, while phosphates are used as a leavening agent in baked goods. Indirect additives are not intentionally added to food, but may be present in trace amounts as a result of processing, packaging, shipping or storage.

Both direct and indirect food additives are controlled by national regulatory authorities, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Any food ingredient must be proven safe to be used in foods.

Glass-ceramics consisting of various oxide crystals in a matrix of siliceous residual glass offer properties not available with more common silicate crystals. In particular, glass-ceramics based on spinels and perovskites can be quite refractory and can yield useful optical, mechanical, and electrical properties.

Possible applications for spinel glass-ceramics include solar collector panels, liquid crystal display screens, high-temperature lamp envelopes, and magnetic disk substrates. Glass-ceramics based on perovskite crystals are characterized by their unusual dielectric and electrooptic properties. Examples include highly crystalline niobate glass-ceramics that exhibit nonlinear optical properties, as well as titanate, niobate, and tantalate glass-ceramics with very high dielectric constants.

Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum, although many of the same chemical compounds are also obtained from other fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas or from renewable sources such as corn, sugar cane, and other types of biomass. Petrochemical production relies on multi-phase processing of oil and associated petroleum gas. Key raw materials in the petrochemical industry include products of petroleum oil refining.

Petrochemical goods include: ethylene, propylene, and benzene; source monomers for synthetic rubbers; and inputs for technical carbon. Petrochemical and petroleum products are the second-level products being derived from crude oil after several refining processes. Crude oil is the basic component to produce all petrochemical and petroleum components after a long process of refinement in oil refineries. The major hydrocarbon products produced from petroleum by refining are: liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, fuel oil, lubricating oil, and paraffin wax.